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The Myth of Population Control: Family, Caste and Class in an indian Village, by Mahmood Mamdani
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Clean, tight book. A study of why the big birth reduction campaign put on by the Indian government and the Rockefeller Foundation in an Indian village in the Punjab failed so dismally. Bibliography.173pp.
- Sales Rank: #2256618 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Monthly Review Press
- Published on: 1972-01-01
- Released on: 1972-01-01
- Ingredients: Example Ingredients
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.25" h x 5.50" w x .75" l, .45 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 158 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Most helpful customer reviews
10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Believers in "population control" should read this book
By Douglas A. Greenberg
Since the time of Thomas Malthus, problems of resource scarcity and social pathology have frequently been attributed to "overpopulation," largely caused by the alleged overbreeding by the world's poor. If only those impoverished masses who bear so very many children realized the error of their ways, the reasoning goes, the "population explosion" and its attendant problems could be diffused. Moreover, their own poverty would be alleviated, since they would have fewer mouths to feed.
Champions of this Malthusian perspective generally have eschewed any efforts to actually investigate what life is like for the high-fertility poor who fuel the world's rapid population growth. In this slim but incisive book, however, sociologist Mamoud Mamdani demonstrates that by actually investigating and analyzing social reality from the perspective of those who choose to have large families, one can gain an understanding of the rationality behind this lifestyle choice. Indeed, in his study of a village society in northern India, he shows that these rural peasants are not poor because they have many children, they have many children because they are poor. High fertility is, in fact, a reasonable, even necessary choice for people with few resources other than their own labor power and that of their children. Mamdani shows that only when people's basic human needs for material security, health care, and support in old age are met can they begin to consider different life strategies that do not involve having large numbers of offspring.
When it first appeared during the 1970's, Mamdani's book was revolutionary in its influence on the population/resources debate among environmentalists. Some hardline neo-Malthusians have refused to budge from their "population control by any means" position, but many others have come to realize that for people to be amenable to family planning measures, social and economic reforms on a large scale must be implemented.
The one area where Mamdani's perspective is too narrow involves the role of women in fertility decisions. His study emphasizes the husband and wife as a decision-making unit making successive choices regarding additional births. In reality, however, women often don't have any choice at all as to how large their finished family size might be, and their husbands frequently insist on a larger family than the wife might desire. Indeed, over the past twenty years, it has become clear that empowering women and providing them more choices in their lives is another avenue to lower fertility.
Mamdani fails to emphasize this feminist aspect of the population question, but in presenting a concise and thoughtful analysis of how population growth occurs at the local level, he has made a lasting contribution to social and environmental science.
0 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
The anti-Malthusian fallacy
By Max Kummerow
This book was certainly important and useful in pointing out that individual motives determine fertility choices so policy should pay attention to structuring individual incentives. Clearly educating women, increasing incomes, urbanization, social security pensions for the elderly, lower infant mortality, liberating women, legalizing birth control and abortion, subsidizing birth control and abortion all tend to reduce the number of children couples prefer. But, the implication that family planning policies were misguided and wrong leaves out "the tragedy of the commons" (title of Garrett Hardin's famous essay). While it might have been individually rational for each poor Indian couple to have a large family (for old age support, etc.), it was almost certainly collectively irrational. I can't quite recall the number, but I believe it is 150,000 poor farmers who have committed suicide in India in recent years, because their wells ran dry and they ran out of hope. The "Green Revolution" that allowed India to feed itself better as population doubled and doubled again during the 20th century was based on genetics (high yielding wheat, rice, etc.), nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation. The higher yielding varieties of grains, however, require more inputs of nitrogen and water, both of which are being mined out. Nitrogen is currently made from natural gas, India relies heavily on fossil groundwater that is being mined out and water from Himalayan glaciers that are disappearing due to global warming. Undoubtedly many soils are being damaged as well, reducing future productivity. So, in the long run, it is likely that India will need to impose family planning, as China did, because its peasants are getting poorer not richer. The European demographic transition pattern is not an option. It is clear that low fertility is strongly associated with improved outcomes. I checked statistics for three classes of countries (over 200 countries in total): Low fertility (TFR4.1, about 1.1 billion people). People in low fertility countries had incomes five times higher, 21 year longer life expectancy, infant mortality about 1/7th as people in high fertility countries. And most wars and genocides occur in high fertility places.
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